1、概 述fei壓(ya)力變(bian)送器(qi)_差壓(ya)變(bian)送器(qi)_液位變(bian)送器(qi)_溫度(du)變(bian)送器(qi)
白(bai)泉(quan)大(da)(da)閘位(wei)于浙江省舟(zhou)山市白(bai)泉(quan)鎮大(da)(da)成海塘(tang),是1 座以排澇(lao)擋(dang)潮為(wei)主, 兼顧當地交通的(de)中型(xing)水(shui)利(li)工程(cheng)。工程(cheng)共安裝10 孔平板(ban)式閘門, 每套(tao)啟閉機裝(zhuang)有(you)2 *7.5 kW 三相異步電動機, 主變容量400 kVA。整個自動化監控系統(tong)參照 “無人值(zhi)班( 少人(ren)值(zhi)守(shou)) ”的(de)要求, 同時結(jie)合先金、可靠(kao)、實(shi)用(yong)的(de)原則(ze), 采用(yong)開(kai)(kai)放式分層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分布式結(jie)構。該系統分為2 個層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次, 一為電站(zhan)管理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)上位(wei)機, 即(ji)主控站(zhan)工業控制(zhi)(zhi)機; 二為面向控制(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)象的(de)當地(di)(di)控制(zhi)(zhi)單元LCU。上位(wei)機與當地(di)(di)控制(zhi)(zhi)單元LCU 之(zhi)間采用(yong)以太網絡(luo)通訊, 構成分布式結(jie)構的(de)計算機監控管理(li)系統,以內河與外海(hai)的(de)水位(wei)差(cha)來實(shi)現閘門的(de)自(zi)動開(kai)(kai)停機控制(zhi)(zhi)。fei壓力變送(song)器_差壓變送(song)器_液位(wei)變送(song)器_溫度變送(song)器
fei壓(ya)力變送(song)(song)器_差壓(ya)變送(song)(song)器_液(ye)位(wei)變送(song)(song)器_溫度變送(song)(song)器
fei壓力變送(song)(song)器(qi)_差壓變送(song)(song)器(qi)_液位變送(song)(song)器(qi)_溫度變送(song)(song)器(qi)
2、故障現象fei壓力(li)變送器_差(cha)壓變送器_液位變送器_溫度(du)變送器
系統于2012 年(nian)1 月6 日調試(shi)完成(cheng), 正常運行了3 個多月后(hou), 4 月28 日(ri)發現(xian)外海側水位數據顯示(shi)為零; 連接公用PLC, 對在線程序觀察數據進行(xing)檢(jian)查發現, 外(wai)海側(ce)投入式液位(wei)變送器上送PLC 的AD數據無變化, 而外海側實際水(shui)位已有(you)1 m左右。對于輸出4~ 20 mA、量(liang)程(cheng)為10 M的傳(chuan)感(gan)器, 輸出模(mo)擬量數值應該是5.6 mA左右。用數字(zi)式萬(wan)用表電流檔測(ce)量傳感器(qi)輸出端, 電流數值僅(jin)為3�8 mA, 因此判斷為液(ye)位變送器的(de)故障, 導(dao)致監控系統開(kai)停機控制流程(cheng)不能順(shun)利執行, 影響(xiang)了閘門計算(suan)機監(jian)控系統(tong)的正常運行。fei壓(ya)力變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差(cha)壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液位(wei)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫度變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)
fei壓(ya)力變(bian)送器(qi)_差壓(ya)變(bian)送器(qi)_液位變(bian)送器(qi)_溫度(du)變(bian)送器(qi)
3 、原(yuan)因分析fei壓力(li)變(bian)送器(qi)_差壓變(bian)送器(qi)_液位(wei)變(bian)送器(qi)_溫度(du)變(bian)送器(qi)
3、1 投入式液位變送器的工(gong)作原理(li)fei壓(ya)力變(bian)送器_差壓(ya)變(bian)送器_液位變(bian)送器_溫(wen)度變(bian)送器
投入式液位變送器是基于所測液體(ti)靜壓與(yu)該液體(ti)高度成正比的原理, 采用擴散硅(gui)或陶(tao)瓷(ci)敏感元(yuan)件的壓(ya)阻效(xiao)應(ying), 將靜(jing)壓轉成電信號(hao)的儀器。經過溫度補(bu)償(chang)和線(xian)性校正(zheng), 轉換成4~ 20 mA的(de)DC 標準(zhun)電流信號輸出。fei壓(ya)力(li)變送(song)器(qi)(qi)_差壓(ya)變送(song)器(qi)(qi)_液位變送(song)器(qi)(qi)_溫度(du)變送(song)器(qi)(qi)
fei壓(ya)(ya)力變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差(cha)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液位(wei)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫度(du)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)
3、2 故障(zhang)分析fei壓力變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差壓變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液位(wei)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫度變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)
由故障現象(xiang)和液位變送器工作原理推斷, 故障(zhang)很有可能出現(xian)在傳感器的隔離膜(mo)片上, 導致敏(min)感(gan)元件(jian)的(de)壓阻效(xiao)應失效(xiao)。隔離膜片是(shi)用來隔離傳感(gan)器芯片和(he)測(ce)量介質( 海水) , 避免芯片被污染腐蝕從而影響傳感器的(de)動靜態(tai)性能甚(shen)至(zhi)燒毀傳感器; 而為了(le)保證傳感器有精(jing)準的測量精(jing)度和良(liang)好的靈敏度特性, 一般情況下(xia)隔離膜(mo)片厚度小于(yu)0�1 mm, 這(zhe)也決定了隔離膜(mo)片(pian)是(shi)整個傳(chuan)感器結構中#薄弱的環(huan)節。拆下外海側(ce)液位(wei)變送器, 發現隔離膜片(pian)出(chu)現不同程度的銹蝕及鼓包現象, 而且在焊接密封處也有(you)類似的腐(fu)蝕(shi)現象。fei壓力變(bian)(bian)送(song)器_差壓變(bian)(bian)送(song)器_液位變(bian)(bian)送(song)器_溫度(du)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器
白泉大閘外海側液位變送器使用的隔離膜(mo)片是316L 材質, 奧氏體(ti)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)316L 在許(xu)多被測(ce)介質條件(jian)中均具有很好(hao)的耐坑點腐蝕性能, 但(dan)在氯離子腐蝕(shi)環(huan)境中的耐應力(li)腐蝕(shi)能力(li)一般。根據大量的實(shi)驗和實(shi)際使用證明(ming), 當使用介質中含有10 ppm以上的氯離子時, 其應(ying)力腐蝕的危害(hai)性相當明顯。海水介質中(zhong)含氯離子成分(fen)比較高, 長期在這種(zhong)環(huan)境工況下運行, 勢必會出現坑點腐(fu)蝕(shi)、縫隙腐(fu)蝕(shi)及應力腐(fu)蝕(shi), 破壞隔離膜(mo)片, 直(zhi)接導致液位(wei)變(bian)送器的傳感器發生故(gu)障。fei壓力變(bian)送(song)器_差壓變(bian)送(song)器_液位變(bian)送(song)器_溫度變(bian)送(song)器
fei壓力變送(song)器_差壓變送(song)器_液位變送(song)器_溫度變送(song)器
4 處理方法fei壓(ya)力變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液位變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫度變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)
傳(chuan)感器與(yu)測(ce)量介質接觸的隔(ge)離膜片, 是(shi)利(li)用金屬材料的力學特性, 將壓力傳遞(di)給(gei)變送器的(de)傳感膜片( 見圖(tu)1) 。為(wei)了減少壓力傳遞過程中的損耗,通(tong)常采用金屬特(te)性較(jiao)好(hao)、且(qie)厚度比(bi)較(jiao)薄( 小(xiao)于(yu)0.1 mm) 的材(cai)質(zhi)。在海水環境工況下使用, 既(ji)要保持良好的金屬特性, 又要防止腐蝕損壞膜片(pian), 因(yin)此必(bi)須要選擇(ze)更加耐(nai)腐蝕的材料( 見表1) 。fei壓(ya)力變(bian)送(song)(song)器_差壓(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器_液位變(bian)送(song)(song)器_溫度變(bian)送(song)(song)器
fei壓力(li)變送器_差壓變送器_液位(wei)變送器_溫(wen)度變送器
表1 在下一篇文章【海洋環(huan)境工(gong)況(kuang)下液位變速器隔離膜片材料的耐腐(fu)蝕性能比較(jiao)】中(zhong),請繼續(xu)瀏覽(lan)。fei壓力變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差壓變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液位變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫度(du)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)