摘　要: 臥式加熱爐為聯合站原油穩定系統中一重要設備, 擔負著穩定原油提留前的加熱工作, 盡管加熱爐實施了自動化智能控制, 但由于加熱的原油為油、氣、水三項混合物, 原油中含氣量不穩定, 因此加熱泵斷流時加熱爐會產生空燒加熱管, 使加熱管內原油焦結的現象, 更嚴重時有可能引發加熱爐燒毀甚至于爆炸的重大安全事故。因此針對此種情況, 對加熱爐使用壓力變(bian)送器控制加熱爐斷流系統。QMv壓力(li)變送器_差壓變送器_液位變送器_溫度變送器

 QMv壓力變(bian)(bian)送器_差壓變(bian)(bian)送器_液位(wei)變(bian)(bian)送器_溫(wen)度變(bian)(bian)送器

臥(wo)式(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)為(wei)(wei)聯(lian)合站(zhan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)穩(wen)定系統(tong)中一重要(yao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei), 擔(dan)(dan)負著穩(wen)定原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)提留前的加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)工(gong)作, 工(gong)作環境為(wei)(wei)高溫、高壓, 為(wei)(wei)本站(zhan)重點安(an)全防范(fan)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)泵擔(dan)(dan)負著原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)穩(wen)塔和加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)之(zhi)間的原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)循環動力設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)。由于工(gong)作環境高溫, 當原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)含(han)水(shui)超過0. 5% 時, 會發生(sheng)因水(shui)蒸氣而(er)使泵抽(chou)空(kong)現(xian)象; 或(huo)者原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)中含(han)有雜質將過濾(lv)器(qi)堵塞, 發生(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)泵供液不足斷流現(xian)象。加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)泵斷流后(hou), 原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)不能及(ji)時地補充到加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)的加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)里, 空(kong)燒加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)使加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)內原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)產生(sheng)焦結(jie)現(xian)象, 更嚴重時有可能引發加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)管(guan)燒毀甚至于著火爆炸的重大安(an)全事故。QMv壓(ya)力變(bian)送器_差壓(ya)變(bian)送器_液位(wei)變(bian)送器_溫度變(bian)送器

     因此(ci)聯(lian)合站針對(dui)此(ci)種情況, 采用壓力變送(song)器傳遞信號給DCS 微機控制(zhi)系統(tong), 微機控制(zhi)系統(tong)傳遞信號實施對(dui)加(jia)(jia)熱爐電路的(de)控制(zhi)。當(dang)加(jia)(jia)熱泵斷流時, 加(jia)(jia)熱爐自動(dong)滅火(huo), 有效避(bi)免(mian)了加(jia)(jia)熱泵斷流引發(fa)的(de)加(jia)(jia)熱爐空(kong)燒(shao)現象, 避(bi)免(mian)了因加(jia)(jia)熱管內原油空(kong)燒(shao)時焦結, 引發(fa)的(de)加(jia)(jia)熱爐進、出口的(de)壓差增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)隱患, 保證了加(jia)(jia)熱爐系統(tong)的(de)正常工(gong)作(zuo)。QMv壓力變送(song)器(qi)_差壓變送(song)器(qi)_液位變送(song)器(qi)_溫(wen)度變送(song)器(qi)

 QMv壓力(li)變送器(qi)_差壓變送器(qi)_液位(wei)變送器(qi)_溫度(du)變送器(qi)

2　控制系(xi)統工(gong)作原理QMv壓力變(bian)(bian)送(song)器_差壓變(bian)(bian)送(song)器_液(ye)位變(bian)(bian)送(song)器_溫度變(bian)(bian)送(song)器

    根據本聯(lian)合(he)站的(de)實際(ji)生產情(qing)況(kuang), 采用(yong)在加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)安(an)裝壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力變(bian)送(song)(song)(song)器來達到控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差的(de)方法(fa), 應對加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)斷流的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流斷流的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi): 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)原(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)介質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、氣(qi)、水(shui)三(san)項混合(he)物,油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流在經過二、三(san)級換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)系統(tong)(tong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)后, 部(bu)分原(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)伴生氣(qi)會析出(chu)(chu), 原(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中的(de)水(shui)會氣(qi)化成(cheng)水(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi), 使油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流含氣(qi)量不穩定, 有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可能會出(chu)(chu)現(xian)某一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間段內(nei)(nei)(nei)流程內(nei)(nei)(nei)基本上全部(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氣(qi)體。而往加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)子離(li)心泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng), 當流程內(nei)(nei)(nei)介質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氣(qi)體時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi), 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)就會出(chu)(chu)現(xian)抽(chou)空(kong)現(xian)象(xiang)。當原(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)介質(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)雜質(zhi)(zhi)較多堵塞過濾器時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi), 也會因(yin)供液(ye)不足(zu)造成(cheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)抽(chou)空(kong)現(xian)象(xiang)。當加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)抽(chou)空(kong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi), 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管就會產生空(kong)燒現(xian)象(xiang), 情(qing)況(kuang)較輕時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi), 易引起加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)盤管焦結, 使加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管內(nei)(nei)(nei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)截面積(ji)減小, 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差增大, 給(gei)生產設備的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)運行(xing)造成(cheng)負面影響(xiang)。嚴重時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可能引起加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管受熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)形扭曲(qu), 甚至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)產生加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)燒毀或(huo)爆炸事故。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)抽(chou)空(kong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi), 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)進(jin)(jin)、出(chu)(chu)口(kou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力均會急劇降低(di), 進(jin)(jin)口(kou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)立刻將(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)0.12MPa, 出(chu)(chu)口(kou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力可降至(zhi)(zhi)0. 06MPa。正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi), 出(chu)(chu)口(kou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0. 13～0. 17MPa, 進(jin)(jin)口(kou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0. 25～ 0.35MPa。根據這一(yi)(yi)特(te)點, 聯(lian)合(he)站在加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)處安(an)裝一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力變(bian)送(song)(song)(song)器, 壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力變(bian)送(song)(song)(song)器將(jiang)信號(hao)傳遞(di)給(gei)微機(ji), 當高于(yu)(yu)設定值或(huo)低(di)于(yu)(yu)設定值時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi), 壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力變(bian)送(song)(song)(song)器傳遞(di)信號(hao)給(gei)微機(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)(tong), 微機(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)智能控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電路, 使線(xian)路處于(yu)(yu)斷開狀態(tai), 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)自動滅火。根據這一(yi)(yi)原(yuan)(yuan)理, 我們(men)將(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)燃(ran)燒器控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)線(xian)路斷開的(de)高位報警點調(diao)(diao)至(zhi)(zhi)0. 35MPa, 低(di)位報警調(diao)(diao)制(zhi)0. 24MPa, 而加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力變(bian)送(song)(song)(song)器正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)的(de)工(gong)作范(fan)圍在0. 25～0.35MPa, 正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)路是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)閉合(he)的(de)。工(gong)作指示圖(tu):QMv壓力(li)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差壓變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液(ye)位變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫度(du)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)

 QMv壓(ya)力變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差(cha)壓(ya)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液(ye)位變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫度變(bian)送(song)器(qi)

QMv壓力(li)變(bian)送器(qi)_差壓變(bian)送器(qi)_液位變(bian)送器(qi)_溫(wen)度變(bian)送器(qi)

 QMv壓(ya)力變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液位(wei)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫度變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)

加熱爐智能配電柜的控制電路中有一個5 號線路和34 號線路是常閉合的, 當5 和34 線路斷開時,加熱爐的控制電路將斷電, 系統將會自動停止加熱爐的工作, 利用這一特性我們將微機控制線路引線的分別接在5 和34 接點上, 與智能配電柜相連接。示意圖如下:QMv壓力變(bian)(bian)送器_差壓變(bian)(bian)送器_液位變(bian)(bian)送器_溫度(du)變(bian)(bian)送器

 QMv壓力變送器(qi)_差壓變送器(qi)_液位變送器(qi)_溫度變送器(qi)

 QMv壓力變(bian)(bian)(bian)送(song)器_差(cha)壓變(bian)(bian)(bian)送(song)器_液位變(bian)(bian)(bian)送(song)器_溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)(bian)(bian)送(song)器

加熱泵正常工作時, 壓力正常, 因此壓力變送器傳遞給微機的信號是0. 25～0. 35MPa, 智能配電柜5 和34 接口的是閉合的。當加熱泵抽空或流程斷流時,電接點壓力表指針會瞬間降至0. 12MPa, 低于設定的0. 24MPa, 此時壓力變送器傳遞給微機的信號是低壓報警, 控制智能配電柜5 和34 接點的線路也將斷開, 系統會自動停止工作, 從而使加熱爐停止工作, 能夠起到防止加熱爐空燒現象的發生。當加熱泵工作異常壓力高于0. 35MPa 時, 壓力變送器傳遞給微機的信號是高位報警, 控制智能配電柜線路也會斷開, 加熱爐自動停止工作。加熱爐停爐后, 現場設備流程經值班人員檢查、調整, 具備工作條件后, 可點爐進行正常生產。QMv壓(ya)力變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)(qi)_差(cha)壓(ya)變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)(qi)_液位變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)(qi)_溫度變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)(qi)

3　現場應用效果QMv壓(ya)力變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液位變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)

壓力變送器控制加熱爐斷流系統的應用, 有效減少了加熱爐空燒事故發生的可能性, 消除了重大的安全隱患。從而使加熱爐一直處于正常的工作狀態, 避免了加熱泵抽空時產生的加熱管空燒現象, 而加熱管空燒易會引起加熱爐盤管焦結、加熱爐進出口壓差增加, 嚴重時可能引起加熱管受熱變形扭曲,甚至于產生加熱爐燒毀或爆炸事故。壓力變送器控制斷流系統的應用保證了原穩生產系統所需的油流的正常, 加熱爐系統的進、出口壓差由以上對策使用前的#高壓差0. 22MPa, 穩定在現在的0. 12MPa 左右, 使用效果非常明顯。更重要的是控制系統的使用, 提高了整個加熱爐系統的安全使用性能, 杜絕了重大安全事故發生的可能性, 保證了原穩系統的正常生產, 為本站創造了可觀的經濟效益和社會效益QMv壓力(li)變(bian)送(song)器_差壓變(bian)送(song)器_液位(wei)變(bian)送(song)器_溫度變(bian)送(song)器
QMv壓(ya)力變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_差壓(ya)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_液位變(bian)送(song)器(qi)_溫度變(bian)送(song)器(qi)